Paradigms are fundamentally the worldviews (value windows) through which things are seen, and known. Since 1970, some huge shifts have occurred in the basic beliefs and assumptions that are held about nature, reality and humanity, particularly regarding the conduct of social science. The conventional paradigms of science have been challenged ontologically (the perceived nature of reality), epistemologically (the relationship between the knower and the known) and methodologically (approved ways to carry out investigations). The term 'paradigm' itself is commonly associated with the pioneering work of Thomas Kuhn (1970), despite the fact that he supposedly used it in a score of different ways himself. Indeed, the paradigm concept can mean many things to many people.
PARADIGM IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
In 1996, the International Sociological Association's Research Committee on Sociology of Tourism held an important paradigma-tologie in Finland to explore the manner in which competing worldviews empower and/or delimit understanding in tourism. The ISA text that emanated from that symposium (Hollins-head and Graburn, forthcoming) should prove to be a highly valuable examination of both the manner in which different paradigms exercise hegemony over the industry and the fashions in which different paradigms are respectively influential in interpreting heritage, culture and nature, as they interface with the tourism phenomenon.